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Hindu Ritual Glossary

Plain-English meanings of common terms families encounter. These are general explanations, not personal religious advice — Gurukkal can guide what applies to your family.

Pooja also: Puja

A form of devotional worship offered to a deity, with prayers, offerings, and mantras.

Related: Homam

Homam also: Homa / Havan

A sacred fire ritual in which offerings are made into a consecrated fire while reciting mantras.

Related: Pooja

Samskara also: Sanskara

A traditional rite of passage marking an important stage of life, such as naming or marriage.

Sankalpam also: Sankalpa

A formal statement of intention made at the start of a ceremony, naming the time, place, and purpose.

Gothra also: Gotra

A family's ancestral lineage, traditionally traced to a sage; sometimes noted during ceremonies.

Nakshatra also: Natchathiram

One of 27 lunar constellations used in the traditional calendar and in timing considerations.

Related: Panchangam, Tithi

Rashi also: Raasi

A zodiac sign based on the moon's position; part of traditional almanac calculations.

Tithi

A lunar day in the traditional calendar, based on the angle between the sun and moon.

Related: Panchangam

Muhurtham also: Muhurta

An auspicious time chosen for beginning an important ceremony. A personal Muhurtham is determined by the priest, not by an automated tool.

Related: Panchangam

Panchangam also: Panchang

The traditional Hindu almanac describing five elements of each day: tithi, nakshatra, yoga, karana, and vara (weekday).

Related: Tithi, Nakshatra

Rahu Kalam also: Rahu Kaalam

A period of the day traditionally considered inauspicious for beginning important new undertakings.

Related: Yamagandam

Yamagandam also: Yamagandam

Another daily period traditionally avoided when beginning major auspicious activities.

Related: Rahu Kalam

Gulika Kalam also: Gulikai

A context-dependent daily period. In Sri Kumar Gurukkal's tradition it is not a general prohibition; ordinary poojas may be performed, though certain death-related rites should not be begun during it. Consult the priest responsible for the rite.

Abhijit Muhurta

A short auspicious window around midday, used as a general reference when it does not overlap a restricted period.

Related: Muhurtham

Brahma Muhurta

The pre-dawn period traditionally considered especially favorable for prayer and study.

Sampradaya

A tradition or lineage of practice; customs can differ between sampradayas and families.

Sivachariyar also: Shivacharya

A trained priest of the Saiva Agamic tradition, qualified to perform temple and domestic Saiva rituals.

Yajurveda

One of the four Vedas, containing prose mantras used in many rituals; Gurukkal follows the Krishna Yajurveda.

Agama

A class of scriptures guiding temple worship, ritual, and iconography, especially in the Saiva tradition.

Definitions reviewed status: pending Gurukkal's review. Applications can differ by sampradāya and family custom.